Rini na cationic rini ne na musamman don rini na fiber polyacrylonitrile, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don rini na polyester da aka gyara (CDP).A yau, zan raba ainihin ilimin dyes cationic.
Bayani akan rini na cationic
1. Tarihi
Rini na cationic ɗaya ne daga cikin rini na roba na farko da aka samar.Violet aniline wanda WHPerkin ya haɗa a Amurka a cikin 1856 da crystal violet na gaba da malachite kore duk rini ne na cationic.Wadannan rini da aka fi sani da rini na asali, waɗanda za su iya rina zaruruwan furotin da filayen cellulose da aka yi da tannin da tartar.Suna da launuka masu haske, amma ba su da sauri, kuma daga baya an samo su ta hanyar rini da rini kai tsaye.da rini na acid.
Bayan samar da masana'antu na filaye na acrylic a cikin 1950s, an gano cewa a kan polyacrylonitrile fibers, dyes cationic ba kawai suna da babban kai tsaye da launi mai haske ba, amma har ma suna da saurin launi fiye da fiber na furotin da fiber cellulose.tada sha'awar mutane.Don ƙarin daidaitawa da aikace-aikacen filaye na acrylic da sauran fibers na roba, yawancin sababbin nau'o'in nau'in nau'i mai tsayi da sauri sun haɗa su, irin su tsarin polymethine, tsarin polymethine mai maye gurbin nitrogen da tsarin pernalactam, da dai sauransu, don haka dyes cationic ya zama polyacrylonitrile.Ajin babban rini na fiber rini.
2. Fasaloli:
dyes cationic suna haifar da ions masu launi masu inganci a cikin bayani, kuma suna samar da gishiri tare da anions na acid kamar su chloride ion, rukunin acetate, rukunin phosphate, rukunin methyl sulfate, da sauransu, don haka rini zaruruwan polyacrylonitrile.A ainihin rini, ana amfani da rini na cationic da yawa don samar da takamaiman launi.Duk da haka, haɗaɗɗen rini na cationic rini sau da yawa yana da wahala a rini daidai gwargwado zuwa hasken launi ɗaya, yana haifar da mottled da lebur.Don haka, a cikin samar da dyes na cationic, ban da faɗaɗa iri-iri da yawa, dole ne mu mai da hankali kan daidaita nau'ikan rini;Don hana rini, dole ne mu kula da haɓaka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓaka mai kyau, sannan kuma kula da haɓaka saurin tururi na dyes cationic.da sauri sauri.
Na biyu, da rarrabuwa na cationic dyes
Ƙungiya mai inganci a cikin kwayoyin rini na cationic an haɗa shi tare da tsarin haɗin gwiwa ta wata hanya, sannan ya samar da gishiri tare da ƙungiyar anionic.Dangane da matsayi na ƙungiyar da ke da kyau a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa, za a iya raba rini na cationic zuwa kashi biyu: keɓe da haɗuwa.
1. Keɓaɓɓen rini na cationic
Keɓancewar cationic rini precursor da ƙungiyar da aka caje ta ta hanyar rukunin keɓe, kuma ingantaccen cajin yana cikin gida, kama da gabatarwar rukunin ammonium na quaternary a ƙarshen ƙwayoyin cuta na tarwatsa rini.Ana iya wakilta ta da wannan dabara:
Saboda ƙaddamar da ƙididdiga masu kyau, yana da sauƙi a haɗa tare da zaruruwa, kuma yawan rini da rini yana da girma, amma matakin ba shi da kyau.Gabaɗaya, inuwar tana da duhu, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma inuwar ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, amma tana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da saurin haske, da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin rini matsakaici da launuka masu haske.Nau'i na yau da kullun sune:
2. rini na cationic masu haɗaka
Ƙungiya mai inganci na rini na cationic da aka haɗa kai tsaye yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa tsarin haɗin launi na rini, kuma an ƙaddamar da cajin mai kyau.Launin irin wannan rini yana da haske sosai kuma ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa yana da girma, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙarancin saurin haske da juriya na zafi.Daga cikin nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su, nau'in haɗakarwa ya kai fiye da 90%.Akwai nau'ikan rini na cationic da aka haɗa da yawa, galibi sun haɗa da sifofin triarylmethane, oxazine da tsarin polymethine.
3. Sabbin rini na cationic
1. Migration cationic dyes
Abubuwan da ake kira ƙaura na cationic dyes suna nufin wani nau'in rini mai sauƙi tare da tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta da ƙarar kwayoyin halitta, da kuma kyakkyawan rarrabuwa da aikin daidaitawa, wanda yanzu ya zama babban nau'i na rini na cationic.Amfaninsa sune kamar haka:
Yana da ƙaura mai kyau da kaddarorin daidaitawa, kuma ba shi da zaɓi ga filaye na acrylic.Ana iya amfani da shi zuwa daban-daban maki na acrylic zaruruwa da kuma mafi warware matsalar uniform rini na acrylic zaruruwa.Adadin retarder yana da ƙananan (daga 2 zuwa 3% zuwa 0.1 zuwa 0.5%), kuma yana yiwuwa a rina launi ɗaya ba tare da ƙara retarder ba, don haka amfani zai iya rage farashin rini.Zai iya sauƙaƙa aikin rini kuma yana rage lokacin rini sosai daga (na asali 45 zuwa 90 mintuna zuwa mintuna 10 zuwa 25).
2. Rini don gyarawa:
Domin daidaitawa da rini na gyare-gyaren zaruruwan roba, an duba ɗimbin rini na cationic kuma an haɗa su.Siffofin da ke gaba sun dace da gyare-gyaren zaruruwan polyester.Yellow shine rini na methine mai haɗaɗɗiya, ja yana dogara ne akan triazole ko rini na thiazole da kuma keɓe rini na azo, kuma shuɗi na tushen thiazole da rini na azo.Oxazine dyes.
3. Watsa rini na cationic:
Domin daidaitawa da rini na gyare-gyaren zaruruwan roba, an duba ɗimbin rini na cationic kuma an haɗa su.Siffofin da ke gaba sun dace da gyare-gyaren zaruruwan polyester.Yellow shine rini na methine mai haɗaɗɗiya, ja yana dogara ne akan triazole ko rini na thiazole da kuma keɓe rini na azo, kuma shuɗi na tushen thiazole da rini na azo.Oxazine dyes.
4. Rini na cationic mai amsawa:
Rini na cationic mai amsawa sabon nau'in rini na cationic ne.Bayan an shigar da rukunin masu amsawa a cikin kwayoyin rini mai haɗaka ko keɓe, ana ba da irin wannan rini abubuwa na musamman, musamman akan fiber ɗin da aka haɗa, ba wai kawai yana kiyaye launi mai haske ba, har ma yana iya rina zaruruwa iri-iri.
Na hudu, kaddarorin dyes cationic
1. Solubility:
Ƙungiyoyin alkyl da masu yin gishiri a cikin kwayoyin rini na cationic an kwatanta su a sama don tasiri mai narkewa na rini.Bugu da ƙari, idan akwai mahadi na anionic a cikin matsakaicin rini, irin su anionic surfactants da anionic dyes, za su kuma hada da cationic dyes don samar da hazo.Wool/nitrile, polyester/nitrile da sauran yadudduka da aka haɗa ba za a iya rina su a cikin wanka ɗaya tare da rini na cationic na yau da kullun da acid ba, amsawa da tarwatsa rini, in ba haka ba hazo zai faru.Ana ƙara magungunan hana hazo gabaɗaya don magance irin waɗannan matsalolin.
2. Hankali ga pH:
Gabaɗaya, dyes cationic suna da ƙarfi a cikin kewayon pH na 2.5 zuwa 5.5.Lokacin da ƙimar pH ta yi ƙasa, rukunin amino ɗin da ke cikin kwayar rini yana haɓakawa, kuma rukunin da ke ba da gudummawar lantarki yana jujjuya su zuwa rukuni mai jan wutar lantarki, yana haifar da canjin launin rini;Hazo, canza launin, ko faɗuwar rini na faruwa.Misali, dyes oxazine suna juyewa zuwa rini marasa cationic a cikin matsakaiciyar alkaline, wanda ke rasa alaƙar su ga filaye na acrylic kuma ba za a iya rina su ba.
3. Daidaituwa:
Rini na cationic suna da kusanci mai girma ga filaye na acrylic, kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙaura a cikin zaruruwa, yana mai da wahala a daidaita rini.Rini daban-daban suna da alaƙa daban-daban don fiber iri ɗaya, kuma yawan yaduwar su a cikin fiber shima ya bambanta.Lokacin da aka gauraya rini masu yawan rini daban-daban, canjin launi da rini marasa daidaituwa na iya faruwa yayin aikin rini.Lokacin da rini masu kama da juna suka haɗu, rabon maida hankalinsu a cikin wankan rini ba ya canzawa, ta yadda launin samfurin ya kasance daidai kuma rini ya fi iri ɗaya.Ayyukan wannan haɗin rini ana kiransa dacewa da rini.
Don dacewar amfani, mutane suna amfani da ƙimar lambobi don bayyana daidaiton rini, yawanci ana bayyana su azaman darajar K.Ana amfani da rinayen rini guda ɗaya na launin rawaya da shuɗi, kowane saiti ya ƙunshi rini biyar tare da ƙimar rini daban-daban, kuma akwai ƙimar daidaitawa guda biyar (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), da ƙimar dacewa da rini. tare da mafi girman rini ƙarami, ƙaura da matakin rini ba su da kyau, kuma rini tare da ɗan ƙaramin rini yana da ƙimar dacewa mai girma, kuma ƙaura da matakin rini sun fi kyau.Rini da za a gwada da rini na yau da kullun ana rina su ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan a tantance tasirin rini don sanin ƙimar dacewar rini ɗin da za a gwada.
Akwai ƙayyadaddun dangantaka tsakanin ƙimar dacewar rini da sifofinsu na ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana shigar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a cikin ƙwayoyin rini, ƙarancin ruwa yana raguwa, kusancin rini zuwa fiber yana ƙaruwa, ƙimar rini yana ƙaruwa, ƙimar dacewa ta ragu, ƙaura da matakin matakin fiber na raguwa, kuma samar da launi yana ƙaruwa.Wasu ƙungiyoyi a cikin kwayoyin rini suna haifar da shinge mai tsauri saboda daidaitawar lissafi, wanda kuma yana rage alaƙar rini zuwa zaruruwa kuma yana ƙara ƙimar dacewa.
4. Haske:
Sautin haske na rini yana da alaƙa da tsarinsa na ƙwayoyin cuta.Ƙungiyar cationic a cikin kwayoyin rini na cationic mai haɗaɗɗiyar sashe ne mai mahimmanci.Ana iya kunna shi cikin sauƙi daga matsayi na ƙungiyar cationic bayan an yi amfani da shi ta hanyar makamashin haske, sa'an nan kuma canjawa wuri zuwa dukan tsarin chromophore, ya sa ya lalace kuma ya ɓace.Ƙunƙarar triarylmethane Ƙunƙarar haske na oxazine, polymethine da oxazine ba shi da kyau.Ƙungiya ta cationic a cikin keɓaɓɓen kwayoyin rini na cationic an rabu da tsarin haɗin gwiwa ta ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa.Ko da an kunna shi a ƙarƙashin aikin makamashi mai haske, ba shi da sauƙi don canja wurin makamashi zuwa tsarin haɗin kai na launi, don haka an kiyaye shi da kyau.Sautin haske ya fi nau'in haɗin gwiwa.
5. Kara karantawa: Yadudduka cationic
Cationic masana'anta shi ne 100% polyester masana'anta, wanda aka saka daga biyu daban-daban duk-polyester albarkatun kasa, amma ya ƙunshi modified polyester fiber.Wannan fiber na polyester da aka gyara da fiber polyester na yau da kullun suna da launin launi daban-daban kuma ana rina su sau biyu.Launi, rini na polyester na lokaci ɗaya, rini na cationic lokaci ɗaya, gabaɗaya ana amfani da yarn cationic a cikin jagorar warp, da yarn polyester na yau da kullun a cikin saƙa.Ana amfani da rinannun rini biyu daban-daban lokacin rini: rini na yau da kullun don ɗimbin yadudduka na polyester, da rini na cationic don yarn cationic (wanda aka fi sani da dyes cationic).Ana iya amfani da dyes cationic tarwatsawa), tasirin zane zai sami sakamako mai launi biyu.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-21-2022